Critical Thinking Students

A basic understudy is one who ‘does not acknowledge data without first inspecting it from various points or viewpoints. ’ Discuss this definition corresponding to the basic considering expected college understudies in paper composing. Consolidate significant readings in your conversation. In the changing scene of the Australian instruction framework, it very well may be hard to find out what is anticipated from college understudies in article composing. To be sure desires can change from establishment to foundation and even mentor to coach, anyway the one shared characteristic is the desire for basic speculation in understudies. In this exposition, I will contend that in colleges, basic reasoning isn't just empowered of college understudies in paper composing, but on the other hand is normal. I will investigate being basic in ones reasoning, examine the desires for understudies in paper composing and will give elective learning techniques to outline different perspectives. So as to accomplish this, I will attract upon significant readings to help my proposition. The word ‘critical’ is to portray â€Å"that which is earnest, genuine, significant or of major importance† (Craig 1994, 54). Corresponding to paper composing, to be basic in ones believing is to â€Å"question the wonder of study instead of just acknowledge and rehash the facts† (Craig 1994, 54). Warren (1995) gives some setting to these definitions in her article ‘The basic self’. She characterizes basic intuition as an intelligent and sensible manner of thinking that directs our choices on what we do or accept (2). She alludes to her showing encounters and at the absence of the basic speculation capacities in her understudies around then. Through these encounters and ensuing lessons on reasoning and explicitly basic reasoning, she reaches inferences that understudies prefer to think in as such and subsequently their confidence improves as they can build up these aptitudes (1). Her solid conviction that â€Å"critical believing is both important and essential to learning itself† is a ground-breaking explanation to her convictions around there (Warren 1995, 1). So as to assess Warren’s claims, we should examine what is really expected of college understudies corresponding to exposition composing. As per Krause (2005), the Australian advanced education has altogether developed lately and as such understudy and college staff desires have likewise changed (1). She calls attention to that understudies currently invest less energy in grounds than previously and talks about how innovation has impacted an expansion in an increasingly various scope of understudies taking part in study (3). This has brought about a bigger number of understudies contemplating by means of correspondence and an expansion in develop age and worldwide understudies when contrasted and ten years prior (4). Given this changing scene in college learning, it is clear why there is now and then separate between what student’s accept is anticipated from them and what a college really expects, explicitly according to paper composing. This distinction turns out to be progressively apparent when separation is a factor. Warren (1995) gives an intriguing model on the terrible showing of her understudies comparable to article composing. As per Warren, her understudies were mindful in class, effectively partook and committed the necessary measure of study. Her assessment of the terrible showing was that her understudies â€Å"lacked basic reasoning skills† (1). To appropriately survey the desires set on understudies, it is important to take a gander at the wording of an exposition subject. In all exposition themes, one is approached to contend a proposition or discussion a case. The capacity to introduce contentions in a way that impacts or convinces others is vital to basic reasoning (Marshall and Rowland 2006, 43). The very idea of how paper points are organized and surveyed can just prompt the end that basic reasoning is normal in exposition composing. Without discussing and arranging positions, settling struggle, reflecting and managing resistance, which are all demonstrations of basic reasoning, the paper isn't satisfying the essential prerequisite of contending a position (Marshall and Rowland 2006, 43). In the event that piece of basic reasoning is reflection, as expressed by Warren (1995), than it is essential to comprehend the reflection procedure. Pavlovich (2007) recommends the reflection procedure starts with posing inquiries and states it is â€Å"as much a perspective as it is a lot of activities† (284). She contends the final product of reflection is a more profound comprehension all things considered (284). Self - reflection is simply the capacity to evaluate, to pose inquiries like â€Å"What is my objective throughout everyday life? † â€Å"What am I taking a stab at? † â€Å"What is my motivation? † (Rogers 1697, 164). These are questions that some can't reply through their whole lives but then inside the setting of college learning and explicitly exposition composing, there is a desire that understudies can self-reflect, to see different features of a contention, to address and to be basic. Warren (1995) additionally discusses the self-reflection procedure and contends that basic reasoning â€Å"is a part of intelligent thinking† (2). She affirms that solitary when basic reasoning, innovative reasoning and substance information †what she depicts as ‘the 3 C’s’ †cover, completes one has all the parts of intelligent reasoning (2). She further contends that one must be basic with regards to their environmental factors or conditions, for example, sex or race and without the readiness to relate to and use foundation information one â€Å"is not a basic thinker† (3). With regards to being a college understudy and composing expositions, to think fundamentally is to figure out how to process data and â€Å"to structure contemplated assessments, assess convictions, develop positions†¦ (and) articulate a thesis† (Warren 1995, 4). Basic intuition in this setting is to acknowledge ones maximum capacity as â€Å"to truly pick up anything at all one must draw in the basic self† (Warren 1995, 4). Obviously, there are numerous different techniques to learning and it tends to be contended that one size doesn't fit all. In specific orders, it very well may be accepted that basic reasoning isn't vital, for instance in complex specialized conditions where ‘x’ should consistently rise to ‘y’. Much of the time, there is a befuddle between close to home learning styles and learning requests of various orders (Kolb 1981, 233). Kolb (1981) investigates different learning styles and his conversation can persuade that basic reasoning isn't integral to the obtaining of information (233). One could contend that in certain fields it is basic to retain data and adhere to set directions and not to take a gander at data from different perspectives. For instance, there would be a desire that a specialist follows severe convention when playing out a perplexing activity. I would contend in any case, that the absolute most prominent advances in mankind's history have been an aftereffect of the individuals who are happy to scrutinize the state of affairs done and to investigate choices alternatives. While it is critical to perceive diverse learning styles suit various people and to change desires in like manner, the premise of an understudy not tolerating data without â€Å"examining it from various points and perspectives† (Craig 1994, 54) is vital to learning and is a key desire for understudies in exposition composing at college. The desires set upon understudies comparable to exposition composing at college may shift, yet the shared factor is the anticipation on understudies to have the option to think basically and to express this in composed structure. I have given a meaning of basic reasoning and have talked about how the changing scene of the Australian instruction framework can create some turmoil around desires put on understudies. I have offered elective learning strategies to exhibit the requirement for some adaptability and versatility around the desires put on understudies to provide food for various learning style. All through this article, I have kept up that paying little heed to these distinctive learning styles, there is a widespread desire set on college understudies to think fundamentally, especially corresponding to paper composing and have utilized guides to contend this proposal.

Tobacco Industry Analytic

The boundaries to section in the tobacco business are at first low and it is simple for little nearby and provincial organizations to go into the market, yet the obstructions to enter the market broadly are exceptionally high. The economies at scale in assembling, dispersion expenses, and promoting at the national level make it hard for new businesses to go into the national market. There are significant expenses in raising the capital expected to assemble fabricating offices that can mass-produce tobacco items at the national level. Likewise, the expenses of bundling merchandise, for example, cigarettes, at a mass level can produce significant expenses. Brand personality can likewise represent a boundary to section for new contestants. Publicizing limitations forced on electronic media by the U. S. government make it difficult for any new participant to pick up brand mindfulness and furthermore make it hard for current top players in the market to build their image mindfulness. While numerous organizations once depended on brand motivations so as to expand client faithfulness, they consented to no longer utilize these impetuses in the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) in 1998. Likewise with numerous previously settled brands, for example, Altria’s Marlboro Cigarettes brand as of now have an enormous stake in the commercial center. They have produced a great deal of brand unwaveringness and mindfulness making it hard for another organization to create enough brand attention to enter the market. Providers In the tobacco business ranchers gracefully the tobacco to vendors and makers. A significant number of the tobacco ranchers in the U. S. are situated in the Southeastern states, for example, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Ranchers for the most part offer their tobacco at open closeouts to the most elevated bidders. A government program that began with the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 once ensured tobacco farmer’s costs. The tobacco cultivators were ensured least costs in return for constraining their creation through portions and standards. U. S. developed tobacco is commonly more costly than non-U. S. developed tobacco in light of the U. S. governments value emotionally supportive network. At that point in 2004 the administration considered buyouts of the amounts, in this manner taking out the value emotionally supportive network. Be that as it may, in late news numerous tobacco ranchers are fighting for the whole buyout of their portions and hardware. They state that the U. S. tobacco developing industry is very nearly vanishing and they accuse the high duties for cigarettes and modest tobacco imports. In this manner showing that the ranchers have small dealing power because of the administration connection. Purchasers Buyers in the tobacco business are extraordinarily influenced by the economy and the degree of their discretionary cashflow. At whatever point a buyer’s extra cash decreases, they are bound to buy less expensive brands of tobacco, and in the event that a buyer’s discretionary cashflow expands, at that point they are bound to purchase increasingly costly brands. Purchaser power was shown in 1993 at whatever point Phillip Morris USA Inc. cut their costs on driving brands, for example, Marlboro by 20% to raise a lot of the market, subsequently driving numerous other driving organizations to likewise lessen the costs of their mainstream brands. After numerous organizations brought down their costs, rebate cigarette brands saw a drop in their level of the market. Be that as it may, in 2003 premium cigarette brands raised costs, at that point permitting rebate cigarette brands to acquire an offer in the market, however the markdown brands share in the market has been declining from that point onward. Purchasers in the United States are presently progressively getting increasingly worried about medical problems. Purchaser wellbeing mindfulness has harmed the market for tobacco dealers and has likewise prompted the expansion for government guideline. Numerous organizations are currently going global to concentrate on the expanding interest for tobacco items abroad. They are concentrating on creating nations where the populace is expanding a lot quicker than in the United States and a considerable lot of these nations have less government guideline, which can help with publicizing and costs. Nations that have less tax collection on tobacco deals can prompt higher incomes and deals of tobacco items on the grounds that the costs included are less. Industry Competitors/Intensity of Rivalry Within the tobacco business there are three principle contenders that control 90% of the local market. These three fundamental players are: Altria Group, Inc. (Locally known as Phillip Morris USA); Reynolds American; and Carolina Group. Phillip Morris USA, the United State’s biggest tobacco organization since 1983, controlled 50. 3% of the piece of the overall industry in the year 2006. Phillip Morris USA’s driving brand Marlboro had a 40. 5% portion of the market in 2006; in this way, showing the significance of brand character in the tobacco business. Phillip Morris USA likewise offers various brands, for example, their top notch brands Virginia Slims and Parliament, while additionally focusing on the markdown advertise with its image Basic. The United States second biggest tobacco organization is Reynolds American, which offers premium brands, for example, Kool, Winston, Salem, and Camel; and two diverse markdown brands, Doral and Capri. Reynolds American controlled 29. % of the market in 2006 and is likewise the second biggest wet smokeless tobacco maker in the United States. The third biggest organization in the United State is Carolina Group with their exceptional menthol brand cigarette Newport that controlled 9. 7% of the market in 2006. For the cigarette business unit volumes have declined and the cost of cigarettes has increased,thus making higher n et income for organizations. Numerous organizations are utilizing cost proficient techniques and are converging to help gain benefits in the business. For instance, R. J. Reynolds and Brown and Williamson Tobacco consolidated and now have a higher portion of the market. Tobacco utilization declined a great deal from 1994 to 2004 and the decrease has begun to back off in the recent years, the development rate is still not what it used to be. [pic] Figure 1 : Market investors in 2006 Rivalry in the menthol division of the tobacco business has been a solid focal point of the main organizations as of late. Menthol cigarettes offer an opportunity for household development openings and premium valuing in the tobacco business. Carolina Group controls this segment with its driving image Newport, while Reynolds American offers two brands, Kool and Salem, which have been in the market for quite a while. With the potential development in the menthol segment, the main tobacco organization Marlboro presented their menthol image with solid advancements to contend with previously existing brands. Other potential zones of local development in the tobacco business incorporate stogies, which are on the ascent once more; and snuff or smokeless, which is one the ascent because of smoking limitations in broad daylight places. By utilizing the Porter’s Five Forces Framework I had the option to talk about the five fundamental serious powers inside the tobacco business. The degree of trouble for new participants; the absence of haggling intensity of providers; the bartering intensity of purchasers between various brands; the significant level of potential substitutes; and the opposition contention, just as household development territories; were totally examined inside the tobacco business utilizing the Porter’s Five Forces Framework. Prevailing powers, for example, government guideline and wellbeing mindfulness impact change in the tobacco business. The potential effect that postulations powers could play on the tobacco business could be unforgiving if organizations don’t modify and change with them. Qualities: Altria and R. J. Reynolds both showcase much quality inside the tobacco business. The two organizations show significant levels of brand personality and brand mindfulness with a wide range of notable brands. Altria has predominant control of the market with their differentiated Marlboro brands of cigarettes that overwhelm the market, contributing a 40. 5% share in the market. R. J. Reynolds additionally has some notable broadened brands, for example, Kool, Winston, Salem, and Camel that help to control 29. 8% of the market. The two organizations can utilize their solid image attention to assemble client esteem with existing and new items. B oth organizations are lined up with their statements of purpose to accommodate their clients and keep up levels of duty and uprightness for their activities. Altria, for example offers a wide exhibit of data concerning medical problems, tobacco laws, cigarette fixings, and youth smoking avoidance on their site. While R. J. Reynolds offers data to general society on lawful and administrative issues, keeping up mindful showcasing, and furthermore medical problems identified with their items that customers can access on their site. Additionally, the two organizations produce mass measures of tobacco items and so as to be the best two makers in the United State the two of them must have solid assembling foundations. Shortcomings: Both organizations face the shortcoming of offering hazardous items to shoppers. Tobacco items clearly include a lot of wellbeing dangers and customers have been made very much aware of the dangers associated with tobacco use. The two organizations face risk issues and prosecution for the offer of such a perilous item, which can cost the organizations a great deal of cash. These organizations must place a lot of focus on shielding themselves in various claims that come about much of the time because of the wellbeing obligation issues. Late cases including the â€Å"light† cigarettes have been brought against Altria, these cigarettes have lighter measures of nicotine and tar yet at the same time can be similarly as destructive as standard cigarettes. Likewise a great deal of fault for such high human services costs in the United States is put on these organizations too. Another shortcoming that Altria and R. J. Reynolds experience the ill effects of is their conditions to depend entirely on the offer of tobacco items with the goal for them to stay such gainful organizations in the commercial center. Deals from 2000 to 2005 declined at around an averag

Kolbs Theory of Learning Styles

Kolb's Theory of Learning Styles Theories Cognitive Psychology Print Kolbs Theory of Learning Styles By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on November 24, 2019 Hero Images / Digital Vision / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Kolbs learning styles are one of the best-known and widely used learning styles theories. Psychologist David Kolb first outlined his theory of learning styles in 1984. He believed that our individual learning styles emerge due to our genetics, life experiences, and the demands of our current environment. In addition to describing four different learning styles, Kolb also developed a theory of experiential learning and a learning style inventory. In his experiential theory, learning is viewed as a four-stage cycle. First, immediate and concrete experiences serve as a basis for observation. Next, the individual reflects on these observations and begins to build a general theory of what this information might mean. In the next step, the learner forms abstract concepts and generalizations based on their hypothesis. Finally, the learner tests the implications of these concepts in new situations. After this step, the process once again cycles back to the first stage of the experiential process. Learning Styles of Psychologist David Kolb The learning styles described by Kolb are based on two major dimensions: active/reflective and abstract/concrete. The Converger People with this learning style have dominant abilities in the areas of Abstract Conceptualization and Active Experimentation. They are highly skilled in the practical application of ideas. They tend to do best in situations where there is a single best solution or answer to a problem. The Diverger Divergers dominant abilities lie in the areas of Concrete Experience and Reflective Observation, essentially the opposite strengths of the Converger. People with this learning style are good at seeing the big picture and organizing smaller bits of information into a meaningful whole. Divergers tend to be emotional and creative and enjoy brainstorming to come up with new ideas. Artists, musicians, counselors, and people with a strong interest in the fine arts, humanities, and liberal arts tend to have this learning style. The Assimilator Assimilators are skilled in the areas of Abstract Conceptualization and Reflective Observation. Understanding and creating theoretical models is one of their greatest strengths. They tend to be more interested in abstract ideas than in people, but they are not greatly concerned with the practical applications of theories. Individuals who work in math and the basic sciences tend to have this type of learning style. Assimilators also enjoy work that involves planning and research. The Accommodator People with this learning style are strongest in Concrete Experience and Active Experimentation. This style is basically the opposite of the Assimilator style. Accommodators are doers; they enjoy performing experiments and carrying out plans in the real world. Out of all four learning styles, Accommodators tend to be the greatest risk-takers. They are good at thinking on their feet and changing their plans spontaneously in response to new information. When solving problems, they typically use a trial-and-error approach. People with this learning style often work in technical fields or in action-oriented jobs such as sales and marketing. Similarity to Jungian Personality Theory Kolb has suggested that his theory expands and builds upon Carl Jungs theory of personality, which is focused on how individuals prefer to interact and adapt to the world. Kolbs learning dimensions share a great deal in common with the dimensions found on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The Jungian learning styles are also based upon the types identified on the MBTI. The MBTI is a personality inventory based on Jungs work that looks at personality across four major dimensions. The Extraversion/Introversion dimension on the MBTI is very similar to Kolbs Active/Reflective dimension. People high on extraversion and active experimentation tend to be doers, while those high on introversion and reflective observation tend to be watchers. The Feeling/Thinking dimension on the MBTI is also very similar to Kolbs Concrete/Abstract dimension. Those high in the feeling and concrete experience areas tend to be more focused on the here-and-now, while those high in the areas of thinking and abstract conceptualization prefer to focus on theoretical concepts. Support and Criticism In one survey of students, Kolb and Goldman found that there was a correlation between student learning styles and their chosen departmental major. Students who planned to graduate in their selected major had learning styles that were strongly related to their areas of interest. For example, students entering management fields had a more accommodative style, while those pursuing mathematics degrees had a more assimilative approach. The results also indicated that students who were pursuing a degree aligned with their learning style had a greater commitment to their field than did students who were pursuing degrees not related to their learning preferences. The concept of learning styles has been criticized by many and experts suggest that there is little evidence to support the existence of learning styles at all. One large-scale study looked at more than 70 different learning style theories and concluded that each lacked enough valid research to support its claims. Educator Mark K. Smith argued that Kolbs model is supported only by weak empirical evidence and that the learning process is actually far more complex than the theory suggests. He also noted that the theory fails to fully acknowledge how different experiences and cultures may impact the learning process.

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 930 Words

Legalizing Marijuana Marijuana, also known as Cannabis, is derived from the Cannabis plant and is used commonly for either recreational or medical purposes. Marijuana is composed of chemicals such as tetrahydrocannabinol (HTC, and over 80 cannabinoids. Marijuana is acknowledged for providing smokers with a â€Å"high† feeling. Since the twentieth century, this illicit drug has been banned across the world. However, over the past few years studies have been conducted on marijuana and the results show that it can actually be helpful in many different areas of society. The legalization of marijuana has widespread benefits for the medical, law enforcement, and economic sectors. Marijuana has a variety of benefits in the medical field because it can control many side effects from different diseases. For instance, cancer is a deadly disease that kills over seven million people across the world every year. Patients diagnosed with cancer go through several painful treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy. Thankfully, marijuana helps to alleviate pain and suppress nausea from cancer treatments. Moreover, it has been proven to prevent cancer cells from spreading throughout the body. According to Business Insider, cannabidiol (CBD), a chemical found in marijuana, stops cancer by turning off a gene called ID-1. This gene is what helps the cancer cells produce copies of themselves and expand. Also, marijuana can both nurse and obstruct glaucoma, an eye disease that damages vision andShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recreational drug. Although some beli eve that marijuana is harmless, and that it has beneficial medicinal uses, marijuana shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1489 Words   |  6 Pagescannabis plant or marijuana is intended for use of a psychoactive drug or medicine. It is used for recreational or medical uses. In some religions, marijuana is predominantly used for spiritual purposes. Cannabis is indigenous to central and south Asia. Cannabis has been scientifically proven that you can not die from smoking marijuana. Marijuana should be legalized to help people with medical benefits, econo mic benefits, and criminal benefits. In eight states, marijuana was legalized for recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is a highly debatable topic that is rapidly gaining attention in society today.   Legalizing marijuana can benefit the economy of this nation through the creation of jobs, increased tax revenue, and a decrease in taxpayer money spent on law enforcement.   Ã‚  Many people would outlaw alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, gambling, and tanning beds because of the harmful effects they have on members of a society, but this is the United States of America; the land of the free and we should give peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana became a heated political subject in the last few years. Twenty-one states in America have legalized medical marijuana. Colorado and Washington are the only states where marijuana can be purchased recreationally. Marijuana is the high THC level part of the cannabis plant, which gives users the â€Å"high† feeling. There is ample evidence that supports the argument that marijuana is beneficial. The government should legalize marijuana recreationally for three main reasonsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1350 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the past decade would have to be the legalization of marijuana. The sale and production of marijuana have been legalized for medicinal uses in over twenty states and has been legalized for recreational uses in seven states. Despite the ongoing support for marijuana, it has yet to be fully legalized in the federal level due to cultural bias against â€Å"pot† smoking and the focus over its negative effects. However, legalizing marijuana has been proven to decrease the rate of incrimination in AmericaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesshows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, as the evidence gathered over the last few decades strongly supports the notion that it is safer than alcohol, a widely available substance. Marijuana being listed as a Schedule I drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSHOULD MARIJUANA BE LEGALIZED? Marijuana is a drug that has sparked much controversy over the past decade as to whether or not it should be legalized. People once thought of marijuana as a bad, mind-altering drug which changes a person’s personality which can lead to crime and violence through selling and buying it. In the past, the majority of citizens believed that marijuana is a harmful drug that should be kept off the market and out of the hands of the public. However, a recent study conductedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1596 Words   |  7 Pages But what needs to be known before a user can safely and completely make the decision if trying Marijuana is a good idea? Many do not want the drug to be legalized because they claim that Cannabis is a â€Å"gateway drug†, meaning it will cause people to try harder drugs once their body builds up a resistance to Marijuana, because a stronger drug will be needed to reach a high state. This argument is often falsely related to the medical si de of the debate over legalization. It is claimed that this wouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?985 Words   |  4 PagesLegalize Marijuana Despite what people believe about marijuana, it hasn’t once proved to be the cause of any real issue. It makes you wonder what the reason as to why there is a war on drugs. Why is marijuana the main concern? Since the time that alcohol and tobacco became legal, people wonder why marijuana isn’t legal yet. The fact that marijuana is illegal is mainly caused by the amount of money, jobs, and pride invested in the drug war. Once the government starts anything, they stick to it. At Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 930 Words Herbs have been used for centuries as spices, flavoring and medicine. The use of cannabis has been questioned for years, whether or not it is a brilliant idea to legalize its beneficial purposes. Cannabis should be legalized because it has great medical benefits, will boost the economy by creating more job opportunities, and will replace the productions of resources that can harm the planet. Using marijuana as a main medicine source has powerful health benefits. Lately, more and more states have approved the purchase of medical marijuana. Marijuana contains two main cannabinoids, THC and CBD, which help with medical illnesses and symptoms (â€Å"DrugFacts†). DrugFacts states that THC reduces nausea and decreases pain, swelling and redness. CBD is a cannabinoid that reduces pain and can possibly treat mental illnesses and addictions (â€Å"DrugFacts†). Some of the main conditions and diseases medical marijuana has cured or treated include AIDS/HIV, Alzheimer’s disease, arthritis, cancer, Epilepsy, Glaucoma, and migraines (â€Å"Disease/Conditions†). Though many studies have proven medical marijuana to be beneficial in illnesses, the overuse of marijuana can cause dependency issues and memory loss (Loria and Welsh). In 2007, researchers at California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco have reported that the cannabinoid CBD can help prevent cancer from spreading (Loria and Welsh). The study published that CBD can turn off the gene Id-1, which lessen the aggressive spreading cancerShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recreational drug. Although some believe that marijuana is harmless, and that it has beneficial medicinal uses, marijuana shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1489 Words   |  6 Pagescannabis plant or marijuana is intended for use of a psychoactive drug or medicine. It is used for recreational or medical uses. In some religions, marijuana is predominantly used for spiritual purposes. Cannabis is indigenous to central and south Asia. Cannabis has been scientifically proven that you can not die from smoking marijuana. Marijuana should be legalized to help people with medical benefits, econo mic benefits, and criminal benefits. In eight states, marijuana was legalized for recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is a highly debatable topic that is rapidly gaining attention in society today.   Legalizing marijuana can benefit the economy of this nation through the creation of jobs, increased tax revenue, and a decrease in taxpayer money spent on law enforcement.   Ã‚  Many people would outlaw alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, gambling, and tanning beds because of the harmful effects they have on members of a society, but this is the United States of America; the land of the free and we should give peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana became a heated political subject in the last few years. Twenty-one states in America have legalized medical marijuana. Colorado and Washington are the only states where marijuana can be purchased recreationally. Marijuana is the high THC level part of the cannabis plant, which gives users the â€Å"high† feeling. There is ample evidence that supports the argument that marijuana is beneficial. The government should legalize marijuana recreationally for three main reasonsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1350 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the past decade would have to be the legalization of marijuana. The sale and production of marijuana have been legalized for medicinal uses in over twenty states and has been legalized for recreational uses in seven states. Despite the ongoing support for marijuana, it has yet to be fully legalized in the federal level due to cultural bias against â€Å"pot† smoking and the focus over its negative effects. However, legalizing marijuana has been proven to decrease the rate of incrimination in AmericaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesshows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, as the evidence gathered over the last few decades strongly supports the notion that it is safer than alcohol, a widely available substance. Marijuana being listed as a Schedule I drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSHOULD MARIJUANA BE LEGALIZED? Marijuana is a drug that has sparked much controversy over the past decade as to whether or not it should be legalized. People once thought of marijuana as a bad, mind-altering drug which changes a person’s personality which can lead to crime and violence through selling and buying it. In the past, the majority of citizens believed that marijuana is a harmful drug that should be kept off the market and out of the hands of the public. However, a recent study conductedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1596 Words   |  7 Pages But what needs to be known before a user can safely and completely make the decision if trying Marijuana is a good idea? Many do not want the drug to be legalized because they claim that Cannabis is a â€Å"gateway drug†, meaning it will cause people to try harder drugs once their body builds up a resistance to Marijuana, because a stronger drug will be needed to reach a high state. This argument is often falsely related to the medical si de of the debate over legalization. It is claimed that this wouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?985 Words   |  4 PagesLegalize Marijuana Despite what people believe about marijuana, it hasn’t once proved to be the cause of any real issue. It makes you wonder what the reason as to why there is a war on drugs. Why is marijuana the main concern? Since the time that alcohol and tobacco became legal, people wonder why marijuana isn’t legal yet. The fact that marijuana is illegal is mainly caused by the amount of money, jobs, and pride invested in the drug war. Once the government starts anything, they stick to it. At

Term Paper on Drug Abuse Among College Students - 3776 Words

Drug Abuse among College Students College students are more likely to have problems with alcohol abuse or with alcoholism rather than with drug abuse or dependence; however, drug abuse is also a problem for many students. Some students are illicit abusers of prescription drugs, while others use illegal drugs: marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, and other drugs. Peer pressure and/or loneliness or other factors may lead college students to substance abuse, although some students had previously abused alcohol and/or drugs in high school. In general, college students have a lower risk of using illicit substances than their peers who do not attend college; for example, college students were much less likely to abuse cocaine than their same-age†¦show more content†¦For example, only 4.4 percent of women who had had no painkillers prescribed used pain medications illicitly in the past year, compared to 9.4 percent who had been previously prescribed painkillers in college. With regard to prescription drug abuse, the abuse rates were higher for men; 6.3 percent of the male college students who had not previously used prescription painkillers had abused these drugs in the past year, compared to 15.4 percent of the male college students who had been prescribed a painkiller in college. The researchers also found that college students who had been prescribed a prescription painkiller while in elementary school were more likely than others to abuse painkillers in college; for example, about 14 percent of the men and 16 percent of the women who reported past year illicit use of pain medications had been prescribed painkillers in elementary school. The researchers state: Of greatest significance is our finding regarding early exposure to pain medication. 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Review of Literature Free Essays

REVIEW OF LITERATURE Research works in working capital management gives us an outstanding view about the exploration of the topic in different dimensions by different authors. The authors have emphasized that working capital management has to be effectively utilized for generating funds from sales. They have examined the efficiency of working capital management in different aspects. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now Chakra borty P K. (2004) Stated that the conventional method of measuring liquidity would not be sufficient to cover this extended view of liquidity and new framework must be developed to cover analysis of amount and trend of internal cash flow, which is the better proposition to focus on a firm’s liquidity position than those based on financial ratios. Reddy Y V. and Patkar S B. (2004) Stated that sundry debtors and amount due to creditors are the major components of current assets and current liabilities respectively in determining the size of the working capital. Haworth C. and West head P. (2003) In their study of working capital in small firms of the UK found that firms focus only on those areas where they expect to improve marginal returns. Narasimhan and Murthy Stress on the need for many industries to improve their return on capital employed(ROCE) by focusing on some critical areas such as cost containment, reducing investment in working capital and improving working capital efficiency. Sanger emphasized that working capital has increasingly been looked at as a restraint on financial performance since these assets do not contribute to return on equity. The study undertaken by Peel et al (2000) revealed that small firms trend to have a relatively high proportion of current assets, less liquidity, exhibit volatile cash flows and a high reliance on short term debt. Shin and Soenen (1999) Found that long term funds were used for working and observed that flexibility and adjustment in the requirement of working capital depended on the availability and cost of working capital. The pioneer work of Shin and Soenen has found a strong significant relationship between the measures of working capital management and corporate profitability by reducing the number of days of accounts receivables and inventories. Chittenden ET. Al (1998) In their study revealed that working capital management is of particular importance the small business. With limited access to the long term capital markets these firms tend to rely more heavily on owner financing, trade credit and short term bank loans to finance their needed investments in cash, accounts receivables and inventory. According to Fraser (1998) There may be no more financial discipline that is more important, more understood, and more often overlooked than cash management. Bhattacharya In this study stated that for every business concern, irrespective of its size, nature and age, working capital is the life blood of the firm. Peterson and Rajan (1997) In their study revealed that the cost of availing trade credit from suppliers may be cost advantages vis-a-vis financing the working capital needs from the banks and financial Institutions due to competition in the product market. How to cite Review of Literature, Essay examples Review of literature Free Essays Grand Canyon University Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases MRS.-IV Sandra White July 3, 2014 Epidemiology Hepatitis B We have come far in healthcare and everyday we get closer to solutions and can succeed in the understanding of disease processes unknown and foreign to us. We have been challenged many times by the illnesses that have taken so many lives but never in vain as when this unfortunate event has happened we have been able to get closer to a solution. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now The many diseases that have been a main factor in causing death are many however; we have come far in the vaccination process and treatments. In this paper we will focus on Hepatitis B. The virus that has been around for many years and was unknown to mankind until it became a global issues, causing scientists from all over the world to assess, evaluate and then research for a vaccination against this virus, in the 1965 by DRP Plumber however, it was licensed in the unites states in 1981 to be used as it showed a 90 or greater % chance of treatment (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014). Writing about hepatitis B and talking about, people will understand that it is a virus which they should get vaccinated for or have their children vaccinated however, what truly is Hepatitis B and what does it do? Continuing on this important subject this writer will start off by explaining where this virus was discovered and where it could have manifested. We will also discuss the symptoms, treatment and environmental factors contributing to the disease. Including the nurses’ role in the system. What can a health care worker contribute and teach the community? Hepatitis B (HUB) affects the liver of the infected person. It in turn causes scaring of he liver, liver diseases, death and liver cancer (CDC, 2014). The way a person can get infected in the first place varies. Many times one could get infected by blood ; open sores, sharing needles, unprotected intercourse and any other way of transferring blood from an exposed person to an unexposed person. The infection is not such as HIVE, meaning you get infected once and then you raise immunity towards it and will not be exposed or get infected again. This also varies as some, will not get rid of the infection. If this occurs, where someone has been infected for more than six months hey will be considered a carrier and can easily without any sign and symptoms of infection, infect others. The symptoms vary from person to person however the main symptoms and side effects include and are not limited to, fever, Jaundice, abdominal pain, unexplained fatigue and unusual light colored stools, causing extreme gastrointestinal dysfunctions and pain (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014). A damaged liver caused by the HUB can be detrimental. The liver is an organ we can not survive without, it is as it would be an engine, cleaning the system; clearing the load of waste products, drugs, making clotting factors to stop excessive bleeding after cuts and injuries. It also produces immune factors and will remove bacteria from the blood. Furthermore, it also releases bile to help digest food and absorb many nutrients needed (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014). HUB can cause liver cancer and if not treated immediately, it can be detrimental to the affected person. It is important to have a liver biopsy in this case and move forward with appropriate treatment such as any surgical removal of tumor or targeted liver chemotherapy. Treating and preventing this disease is mainly and most focused on certain age groups. It in this case has a demographic interest approach. Per the Hepatitis B Foundation, they report that the â€Å"risk of developing a chronic hepatitis infection is directly related to the age at which one becomes infected with the virus (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014). Per the Centers for disease control and prevention they report that the highest rated infected populations are infants with infected mothers, health care workers, intercourse between men, population who share needles between hem when using illicit drugs and any contact between infected and uninfected person. They continue to report that there is no acute treatment for an acute infection and that treatment is supportive, as many may also not have clear symptoms at first. Furthermore, per the world health organization, they report â€Å"more than 780 000 people die every year† form HUB in the world (WHO, 2014). The geographical distribution is such that the highest rate presents in the sub Sahara Africa and East Asia. We must understand that these are poor unprivileged areas in the world and cost likely and many times do not have enough access to education, vaccines or treatment. The world organization of health reports that most of these people in these areas are infected as children and 5-10 % of adults become chronically infected with HUB however, in general it is reported by WHO as well that 15-25% of adults who become chronically infected during childhood die from hepatitis B- related liver cancer or cirrhosis. WHO, 2014). Again, the vaccine has been available for everyone since 1982 shortly after it was discovered in 1965. It has shown and proven to decrease the infection by 95% (CDC, 2014). However, funding and availability of transport and financial support is lacking to spread the vaccination to these regions and could, unfortunately take many more lives before a solution can be re ached and adding that â€Å"HUB and HCI infections account for the majority of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer throughout most of the world† (Peer,J. F. , Armstrong, G. L, 2006). Further discussing the HUB this writer will contrast it towards the epidemiology triangle, which was founded and created by researchers to better understand and solve health problems including viruses and infections. By researching around the epidemiology triangle for Hepatitis B we can understand that there is an agent, which in this case would be the HUB (virus), which, then will infect the host (a human). Vertex number three is the environmental factor researches pertain to as â€Å"where†, the condition of the host, the outside factors causing the agent to reside on host and infect it. For hepatitis B we have confirmed that all the factors exist. The agent (HUB) will enter the host whom would be the human blood cells, in other words, HUB infection is caused by the virus which will penetrate in to the cell and release its gnome into it. As we will not go into the details of the viral life cycle but including that per the Journal by Lu X and Block Timothy, in their research, † Study of early steps of hepatitis B life cycle† they report that the virus will infect its host by three stages called; attachment, fusion and entry. The research is still ongoing on the specifics of the complete cycle of the HUB (Lu Block, 2004). The environmental factor includes dried blood on surfaces, which is infected, and if another person will have contact with it. Another environmental situation can be the needles found on streets seed by drug users whom can have been infected as well. When healthcare workers work with blood pathogens and areas where they could easily be exposed it is important for them to be vaccinated before hand as this environmental factor could have a deadly turn out. So what is the role of the community nurse in this case and in regards to hepatitis B? As nurses are to advocate for their community it is also a responsibility for some to step up in their role and collect data and analyze the case findings within the community. In this regard it is important and in many cases also a requirement for a ruse to obtain a baccalaureate degree in nursing and to then establish partnership and collaboration with public health professionals. It is important for the public health nurse to involve the community and their awareness on public safety, vaccination and prevention of diseases. Some ways a public health nurse can participate is to help clinics control communicable diseases, educate and participate in environmental sanitation, health education including schools as well. To control and manage results, increase or decrease of disease within the community, a nurse could for example collect data by questionnaires. Another way would be to collaborate with laboratories by collecting data and assessing the results Furthermore, nurses should follow up with every patient who might have been infected or could be at risk for infection by doing home calls or call patients back to assess results and contribute further in education. There are many national agencies one can choose to seek further information from or refer a client too; one of them is the center for disease control and prevention. Another major agency is the world health organization, which also covers on an international level. Another online site that can be viewed is Hepatitis B foundation with tremendous amount of information and the latest updates on research. For the serving and veterans the VA has many resources as well that can be visited. As the information has become vast and with new technology discovered, we are get a little closer to a wider solution and treatment including prevention. There are still many vast majorities of regions that are in need of proper education and preventive care such as vaccines however, with the appropriate funding and health care providers this goal can also be reached. How to cite Review of literature, Papers

Wells Fargo free essay sample

Online Banking Financial Services First electronic banking product in 1989 First major U. S. bank to offer Internet access Wells Fargo Online Financial Services (A) Harvard Case Solution Analysis Wells Fargo, the leader in electronic banking transactions Balanced Scorecard in its online financial services group (OFS) to track and measure performance. OFS Group develops and supports services that allow existing and future customers to transact banking over the Internet. The new division is facing rapid change and must invest heavily in new technologies and the development of innovative products and services. OFS has been found difficult to balance the need for a clearly articulated strategy and measurable goals with the flexibility required in a dynamic environment. Wells Fargo was a culture that encompasses financial performance. However, OFS management believes that its business can not be measured and evaluated on the basis of financial indicators alone. For example, the group was not yet profitable, but under the condition that a critical component of long-term strategy of the bank. We will write a custom essay sample on Wells Fargo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page OFS Group believed that the Balanced Scorecard will allow them to develop a number of complex, multi-dimensional measures for assessing the performance of its objectives and to communicate and update their strategies in a rapidly changing environment. â€Å"Hide by Robert S. Kaplan, Nicole Tempest Source: Harvard Business School 18 pages. Publication Date: June 12, 1998. Prod. #: 198146-PDF-ENG Abstract Wells Fargo, the industry leader in electronic banking, has implemented a Balanced Scorecard in its online financial services group (OFS) to track and measure performance. The OFS group develops and supports services that allow existing and future banking customers to perform transactions via the Internet. The new division faces rapid change and must invest heavily in new technology and in the development of innovative products and services. OFS was finding it difficult to balance the need for a clearly articulated strategy and measurable objectives with the flexibility required in its dynamic environment. Wells Fargo had a culture that embraced financial metrics. Yet OFS management believed that its business could not be measured and evaluated on the basis of financial metrics alone. For example, the group was not yet profitable, yet it provided a critical component to the banks long-term strategy. The OFS group believed that the Balanced Scorecard would allow them to develop a set of integrated, multidimensional measures to assess performance against its goals and to communicate and update its strategy in a rapidly changing environment. Email this CASE (FIELD) Wells Fargo Online Financial Services (A) by Robert S. Kaplan, Nicole Tempest Source: Harvard Business School 18 pages. Publication Date: Jun 12, 1998. Prod. #: 198146-PDF-ENG Wells Fargo, the industry leader in electronic banking, has implemented a Balanced Scorecard in its online financial services group (OFS) to track and measure performance. The OFS group develops and supports services that allow existing and future banking customers to perform transactions via the Internet. The new division faces rapid change and must invest heavily in new technology and in the development of innovative products and services. OFS was finding it difficult to balance the need for a clearly articulated strategy and measurable objectives with the flexibility required in its dynamic environment. Wells Fargo had a culture that embraced financial metrics. Yet OFS management believed that its business could not be measured and evaluated on the basis of financial metrics alone. For example, the group was not yet profitable, yet it provided a critical component to the banks long-term strategy. The OFS group believed that the Balanced Scorecard would allow them to develop a set of integrated, multidimensional measures to assess performance against its goals and to communicate and update its strategy in a rapidly changing environment. Wells Fargo Online Financial Services Since its inception, Wells Fargo Bank (Wells Fargo) has been focused on using financial measures to assess performance and make strategic decisions. Headquartered in San Francisco, California, Well Fargo was the second largest bank in California and was one of the largest banks in the United States with approximately $100 billion in assets in 1997. As of December 1997, Wells Fargo served 10 million households in ten western states, while operating over 1,900 staffed retail outlets and 4,400 automated teller machines. As the banking industry has continued to grow, shifts in consumer needs and demands have caused banks to be much more aggressive and competitive in the services they provide. Wells Fargo has tasked its organization with being at the forefront of this competition in the banking industry. It has used outside- the-box thinking to produce such ideas as extended and weekend hours, ATMs, in grocery stores, and one-stop-shopping banking centers. By being the first to implement many of these ideas, Wells Fargo has been able to enhance its brand image and attract many new consumers. This was clearly the case in 1995 when Wells Fargo launched into the Online Financial Services (OFS) realm (Electronic banking, PC Banking, Internet Banking). The OFS group started off slow, with approximately only 10,000 consumers, or one percent of its current client base accessing their accounts via the web. Those numbers did not stop Wells Fargo OFS group from continuing to expand its online presence, and soon it introduced items, such as a website and online bill pay. Management understood the importance of the consumer continuum and felt strongly that the internet was not only the next step, but would eventually be a vital part of everyday life, paralleling expected PC and internet growth. While WFOFS continued to request more resources in an attempt to attract more consumers to OFS, it still faced many issues. First, as a first mover it needed to continue to bolster and improve their client base accessing their accounts via the web. Wells Fargo was in a growth environment where new projects and opportunities were raised both internally and externally. Secondly, as Wells Fargo began to have success in its OFS group, many banks were quick to implement copycat products, increasing competition in the online financial services market. Finally, cost and revenue recognition were not concrete with the OFS group. Costs were being incurred to start this new department, but OFS was saving costs that other departments would have incurred. Wells Fargo’s stance on success in the past had strictly been financial, but the OFS results were not as clear or as quickly understood by internal and external stakeholders. Therefore, Wells Fargo needed a new standard to measure success, one that not only focused on financials, but also on strategy and creating long-term value for its company and stakeholders. Developing a Balanced Scorecard General reasons / benefits of uses scorecard Specific reasons for WF to apply the scorecard As mentioned previously, in the mid-eighties WF had become increasing customer centric with extended hours and increased accessibility but this change has clashed a culture that focused primary on financial measures. It was understood that something needed to change in order to shift the focus to longer term goals and better align daily activity to its long-term strategy. Wells Fargo needed to develop a key piece of infrastructure to help synchronize the OFS strategy with their daily execution plans and translating those executions into measurable results. This tool would enable the OFS group to communicate with the senior management team of Wells Fargo but it would also allow it to communicate with other departments across the Wells Fargo company. Wells Fargo decided to develop a balanced scorecard for two main reasons. First, the balanced scorecard provided a mechanism to ensure the OFS group plans supported its overarching vision while creating a set of objective measures of performance. Second, the balance scorecard put a premium on the elements that make up success by placing a strong emphasis on quantitative measures for evaluating business performance. The balanced scorecard helps managers stay in tune with all of the objectives. More specifically: The leaders of Wells Fargo Online Financial Service organization recognized that financial measures only were insufficient in capturing and communicating the status, goals, and performance of their business unit. They needed to identify the factors that drove their business and develop a way to measure them. The constantly changing nature of the technology required that the OFS constantly adjust to keep up. The constant change begged for a tool that would help keep everyone focused on the ultimate strategy of the firm and avoid being mired in adopting new technologies. [STRIKE THIS PARAGRAPH NEESE COMMENT] Being a cost center and earning very little direct revenue requires a deep understanding of strategic intent First mover requires harmonization of long term thinking with short term metrics. Did not expect break even until 2000, this would indicate that the units financial goals would be to acheive less of a loss, rather than positive attribute. Moral considerations.. f profit maximization is the overall goal, OFS would not be a contributor under purely financial metrics, this requires an understanding purpose / strategy Objectives for Increasing Revenue per Customer Wells Fargo should have four primary objectives when pursuing the goals of increasing revenue per customer. First they should focus on improving the functionality of transactions to From Click to Close. Ensuring a quick and easy transaction for the customer lowers their transaction costs and increasing the value of Wells Fargos Service. Next they should strive for seamless integration of their cross-selling efforts across the website. Products should be offered in conjunction with related products, for example if a customer if seeking checking their balance, rates for Mortgages of a 3rd party provide should non-intrusively be listed along the border of the website. In order to insure Wells Fargos Online services are providing a full solution for their customers needs they should expand their portfolio of products available online to include all financial services appropriate. Wells Fargo should improve the actual performance of the site itself to support the additional functionality and services being offered. Improved site performance will insure that there are no lost opportunities for revenue due to downtime or slow time. Finally in support of their seamless integration of cross selling and expanded portfolio objective, Wells Fargo should Deepen the relationship with the 3rd Party Alliance Partners that support their non-branded offerings. The deepened relationship should include coop-marketing opportunities on the partner websites and reciprocal referral links to encourage their customers to enroll for Wells Fargo Online banking . Improve functionality from Click to Close Seamless Integration of Cross Selling Expand Product Portfolio Improve Site Performance Deepen Relationship with 3d Party Alliance Partners Objectives for reducing cost per customer Wells Fargo should have four primary objectives when pursuing the goals of reducing cost per customer. First they should focus on reducing resolution time for issues for both technical and enrollemnt issues. This can be done by training call center associates to quickly help the customers. A reduced resolution time means less labor, happier customers and more enrollments. As those calls are coming in the call center associates should be thoroughly record issues so that Wells Fargo associates can study and address the root causes of calls Wells Fargo. Using that information they can now develop self help tools for enrollment that will be more effective in quickly getting customers enrolled and reduce the number of calls and emails needed to resolve issues. Often customers would prefer to use self help tool in favor of calling a help center so again by improving a functionality of the site itself call center expenses could be reduced while pleasing the customer with improved functionality. As the functionality of the website is improved adding customers to spread the cost of service should be the next priority. By stream-lining the process of enrollment and making it easier Wells Fargo can make enrollment quicker and cheaper. Finally Wells Fargo should address non-enrollment issues the same way as the enrollment issues, by studying the root cause of issues or complaints and using the information to improve the Help Feature as issues are identified. Reduce Resolution time for technical and enrollment issues Develop Self Help Tools for Enrollment Increase Ease of Online Enrollment Improve Help Feature Functionality What elements of this case still apply today russell Elements that apply today: 3 strategies: Adding and retaining high value customers, increasing revenue per customer, reducing cost per customer Innovaton and adapting to meet customer needs: -2004 webMethods Customer Innovation Award Winner The Wells Fargo – Wachovia Blog is created when Wachovia became part of Wells Fargo. The purpose is to help customers understand more about what’s going on – post merger. Guided By History – This blog is intended to help provide a rich online experience that bridges events in the past with an outlook on the future. The Student LoanDown – this is a blog aimed at helping students’ finance their college education. StageCoach Island Stagecoach Island is an online virtual world created by Wells Fargo for young adults. The purpose is to help young adults connect with friends and make new ones, and learn smart money management. CEO Blog Get the inside scoop on whats cooking in Wells Fargos product areas with the CEO ® blog. What new products are we thinking about building for our commercial customers? What changes are we making to existing treasury management products? Log into CEO portal and visit our blog today. Cross sell branded and nonbranded products to increase revenue per customer: -average cross sell ratio for financial institutions is 2, WFOFS is 5. 5? Develop and implement cost effective marketing programs: -Bottom line: The banks willingness to try new things has created an impressive lists of firsts: First U. S. bank with a blog First bank with a student loan blog First bank with a business banking blog First bank in the world with a Second Life presence First bank on MySpace at Wells Fargo free essay sample IntroductionWells Fargo is an American multinational in the banking and financial services sector. The company was founded in 1852 and is headquartered in San Francisco, California with operations in over 35 countries across the globe and over 70 million customers. Since its established, the bank has grown significantly and is currently ranked as the second largest in terms of market capitalization. It was ranked as the worlds largest bank in 2015. However it faced a major scandal involving establishment of fake accounts by its employees which resulted to a drop in position to be ranked second after JPMorgan Chase bank.VisionThe companys vision is to satisfy our customers financial needs and help them succeed financially. ValuesThe companys values are as outlined below;†¢ Whats right for customers†¢ People as a competitive advantage†¢ Ethics†¢ Diversity and inclusion†¢ LeadershipEthical cultureThe company has a string ethical culture which is highlighted by the fact that ethics has been included in the companys values. We will write a custom essay sample on Wells Fargo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is significant commitment to achieving high integrity and transparency standards in its operations. Focus is also made in doing things the right way and ensuring that everyone is accountable.Social responsibility in Wells FargoThere are different ways in which the company demonstrates social responsibility in its operations. One of these is by ensuring that it issues financial reports which offers information on its operations to different stakeholders. Economic empowerment is a major area of focus for the company where it supports local communities to achieve self-sufficiency. A good example is the economic empowerment of small business owners with the right products and services as well as knowledge and tools that help them to grow. The company also focuses on environmental sustainability where it works towards lowering levels of carbon emission by adapting clean energy such as solar. Wells Fargo also engages different stakeholders in coming up with new innovations to reduce waste and conserve resources. The company and advances diversion and inclusion by offering equal opportunities and ensuring that all members of the organization feel valued (Wells Fargo, 2018).Wells Fargo products/servicesWells Fargo offers a wide range of services including taking deposits and loan financing, asset management, equipment financing, financial consultancy as well as retirement services and trusts among others. The company also offers international and investment banking services such as foreign exchange, investment banking and treasury management.Wells Fargo CustomersWells Fargo serves customers who seek financial services such as deposits, taking loans and services as well as customers who require financial consultancy servi ces. They include both companies as well as individuals who require personal financial services or for a business. External and internal trends affecting the businessThere are different internal and external trends that affect Wells Fargo in its operations and ability to achieve set goals. Economic trends is one of the key factors that affect the bank where cases of inflation result to increased costs of operations and lower demand for its services. The bank is also affected by technological trends which offer an opportunity to improve services offered to customers through innovation and automation. Technology also poses a threat of security for banks given the increased level of cybercrime. Changing regulatory environment is another trend that is likely to affect the business as it determines the ability to keep up with set standards. Internal trends include increased competition in the labor market as well as the rise of social media platforms which affect relations within the bank (White, 2017).Corporate leadershipTimothy J. Sloan is the current CEO and president of Wells Fargo. He is also a member of the board of directors which is made up of 14 members qualified in different fields and occupying high positions in other companies. There are other executive officers in the bank such as Hope A. Hardison who is the Chief Administrative Officer, Michael J. Loughlin the Chief Risk Officer and John R. Shrewsberry the Chief Financial Officer among others. All the corporate leaders work together in setting and implementing strategies that shape the banks operations (Wells Fargo, 2018). Wells Fargo Account Fraud ScandalWells Fargo faced an account fraud scandal which has had a negative impact on the companys reputation and developed trust issues with the customers. The scandal involved creation of fraudulent fake accounts by the banks employees on behalf of the customers without getting their consent. These accounts were used in moving money from the legitimate accounts held by the customers. Employees also ordered credit cards for customers who had been pre-approved. Through the pinning process, they set pin for the customers and enrolled them to banking services such as online banking. In doing this, the employees aimed at meeting sales quotas, receiving incentive bonuses and pleasing their supervisors and managers. Key issues in the scandal included falsification of records, forging of customers signature, opening accounts for customers without their consent, wrongful fee charges as well as illegal transfer of money from legitimate accounts. These fraudulent activities went unnoticed for a long period of time until it was first reported in an LA Times article in 2013 (Comrie, 2017).The scandal resulted to the bank firing over 5,300 employees who had been involved in the scandal. In addition the bank eliminated the sales goals set for the employees. This is because such targets contributed significantly to the conduct of the employees as they sought to achieve them and please their supervisors. Another measure was to offer incentives to the employees for quality customer service (White, 2017).Financial performance both before and after the ethical lapseBefore the scandal, the company performed well financially and was able to overcome most of the pitfall and risky investments which brought about the fall of key bank in the 2008 financial crisis. The scandal however had a negative impact on the financial performance of Wells Fargo in the market as a result of reduced trust by the customers as well as the fines and penalti es that it had to pay. Wells Fargo reported net income of $4.57 billion in the third quarter of 2016 which was a significant drop from the $5.64 billion reported in the previous year for the same quarter. The drop in the companys net income also resulted to 2.75% drop in its shares (Koren, 2017).Ethical questions raised by the eventWells Fargo account fraud scandal raised different ethical questions about the operations of the bank. One of these is the lack of honesty and integrity in the bank where employees openly lied to the clients and kept secret the opening of new accounts. Another major issue is the failure of senior managers to take responsibility in establishing the right corporate culture. The fact that a large number of the employees were involved in the fraud and it went on for a long time shows that the bank failed to create an ethical culture. There was also the issue of transparency with the company given the fact that the senior management failed to publically acknowledge the problem in good time until it was covered by the Los Angeles Times (Koren, 2017).Different approach to managing the scandalThe situation facing the company should have been handled differently in order to overcome the adverse impacts. To start with, the senior management should have made public the issues relating to the fake accounts and assure its clients that necessary measures were being taken to rectify. This move would have helped to calm down the clients and other stakeholders such as the media and investors to safeguard the companys reputation and prevent a slump in business (White, 2017).The next measure would have been to work closely with the employees to establish the issues that were affecting them such as the excessive pressure to meet targets. Such a move would ensure that the organization did not lose employees who were experienced and having good understanding of customer needs. With good work environment and without excessive pressure to deliver, the employees would have focused on offering quality customer service hence protect the banks image (Verschoor, 2017).Lessons for managersOne of the key lessons for managers from the Wells Fargo scandal is to focus in creating an ethical culture in the organizations which would prevent employees from engaging in acts that can compromise is reputation. Managers should also have well designed compensation plans to avoid putting excessive pressure on employees. Transparency and timely communication is another important lesson for the managers as this would have helped to safeguard the companys reputation. Effective risk assessment and management is another key lesson for managers from the Wells Fargo scandal (Pastin, 2017).